Archaeological perspectives on collective action show how humans through history have worked in groups to both cooperate and compete, whether as small farming villages of early sedentary communities or as neighborhoods, trading networks, or other factions within large cities and states. This volume reviews archaeological approaches to collective action, examining resource dilemmas and ways of mediating them, how ritual and religion can foster both social solidarity and hierarchy, the political financing of institutions and variability in forms of governance, and lessons drawn to inform the building of more resilient communities in the present.