Protestant Atonement as a Practice of Citizenship: How Muslim Belonging in Germany is Dependent on the Figure of the Jew

attendance.* Protestant Atonement as a Practice of Citizenship: How Muslim Belonging in Germany is Dependent on the Figure of the Jew with Sultan Doughan, Visiting Scholar, Elie Wiesel Center for Judaic Studies Drawing on ethnographic research in the field of civic education in Berlin with civil society organizations funded to combat Islamic extremism among immigrant communities, this paper explores how combatting Islamic extremism as a form of integrating and fostering tolerant German Muslims does not simply shed Islamic religiosity. Rather, combatting Islamic extremism is predicated upon defining certain stances, attitudes, practices, and statements as extremely religious in a secular framework of Protestant morality. The paper argues that secularity and religiosity are not opposites; rather, secularity is a particular organization of majoritarian religious norms within state institutions enabled to pass as neutral, universal and as binding for all member of the secular nation-state, as will be demonstrated through the Protestant practice of atonement in relation to the figure of the Jew.