After
crushing the Bar Kokhba rebellion (132-135) Rome does its utmost to obliterate
Jewish attachment to its national-religious center by transforming the city.
The Jewish city is ploughed under, a modern Roman grid provides thoroughfares
from the main gate (today's Damascusgate or Bab el Amud) along the major markets
(Cardo maximus).
The city is now known by the name by which Hadrian called it in honor of his own family and of Jupiter Capitolinus: Colonia Aelia Capitolina. changes its appearance and character. The outline of the present city walls follows that established by the Romans.