Saladin's Successors
Saladin conquers Jerusalem and displaces the Fatimids creating his own dynasty, the Ayyubids, ruling from Cairo.

Mamluks
A Turkic military order based on youthful "slaves" (Mamluks) establishes the most powerful Islamic empire of the Middle Ages, leaving behind its distinctive architectural style, remnants of which are also found in Jerusalem.

Ottomans
Under the Ottomans, Jerusalem experiences almost fourhundred years of relative calm.
The Muslim majority, local and Western Christians, and Jewish refugees from the Spanish expulsion make Jerusalem a center of mystical contemplation, study, and pious devotion.
The beautiful and well maintained wall built by Suleiman the Magnificent continues to be one of the great attractions of the Old City today.