The end of the nineteenth-century was a theologically tumultuous period, and storms brewed around the School of Theology. Hinckley G. Mitchell, professor of the Old Testament, was charged with heresy. The controversy lasted for ten years and was played out before several courts. Although ultimately acquitted of the accusations leveled against him, the bishops–who at that time approved professors in the church’s theological schools–refused to confirm his reappointment. Mitchell was dismissed in 1905. The year before Mitchell departed Boston, Bordon Parker Bowne was also charged with heresy. His Personalism was denounced as a form of Unitarianism, but upon acquittal Bowne, unlike his colleague, was allowed to stay.

During this transitional period, students at the School of Theology demonstrated a keen interest in social engagement. Students eagerly enrolled in courses on sociology and psychology, and–with different degrees of enthusiasm–pursued a social gospel that could provide solutions to modern social problems.

A list of graduates during these years appears below.

1891

Bachelor of Sacred Theology

Monroe Hamilton Alexander, A.M. — Andrew Lyford Chase, A.B. — Benjamin Jenkins Chew, A.B. — Harry Stephenson Free, A.B. — Frank Lincoln Goodspeed, A.B. — Morton Lee Hall, A.B. — Edwin Andrew Jester, A.M. — Elmer Ellsworth McCammon, A.B. — Frank Wilbur Merrick, A.B. — Mungo Melancthon Ponton, A. B. — Harry Porter Rankin, A.M. — Herman Charles Scripps, A.B. — Wilbur Fletcher Sheridan, A.B. — James Dunn Sparks, A.B. — Charles Henry Stackpole, A.B. — Herbert Taylor Stephens, A.B. — Elliott Holroyd Sweet, A.B. — Thomas Mason Talbot, A.B. — Charles Edgar Todd, A.B. — Nacy McGee Waters, A.B. — Thomas Whiteside, A.B. — Arthur Herbert Wilde, A.B.

Graduate in Theology

Theophilus Robert Curnick — George William Locke — John Pearson Pillsbury — Arthur Nahum Searles

1892

Edward E. Abercrombie — Samuel K. Arbuthnot — George Bernreuter — George L. Blackwell — Herbert F. Briggs — William E. Cadmus — John J. Colter — Harry Compton — Elmer A. Dent — William Feistkorn — Franklin E. E. Hamilton — John T. Hamilton — Alvia D. Hammitt — George Honey — Harman J. Hoover — Edwin H. Hughes — John A. Hughes — Harry M. Johnson — John D. Keefe — Charles O. Kepler — Alva A. Loomis — Olaf R. Miller — Rennetts C. Miller — Gaylord H. Patterson — Millard Pell — Henry S. Powell — Herbert F. Quimby — Daniel S. Ruevsky — George A. Sisson — Willis E. Smedley — George A. Spence — Edward Strout — Charles P. Tinker — James W. Vankirk — Rollin H. Walker — Robert H. Washburne — Albert E. Wurst

1893

John P. Ashley — William L. Askue — Charles W. Blessing — John E. Bowman — Charles E. Corkhill — William C. Detling — Edwin C. Dixon — Peter Dunoff — John C. C. Evans — William B. Fenderson — William B. Geoghegan — Frank E. Heighway — Edgar J. Helms — Harry Household — Edwin N. Jarrett — Elam E. Marsh — Samuel W. Naylor — William J. Pyle — Myron W. Reece — James A. Ross — William A. Sullivan — David L. Thoburn — Edward H. Todd — Sherman T. Westhafer — Benjamin P. White — George A. Wilson — Henry L. Wriston

1894

William T. Boultenhouse — Henry G. Budd, Jr. — Harry G. Butler — Thomas E. Chandler — Thomas E. Cramer — Joseph Dawson — Clayton E. De La Mater — Thomas Edwards — Francis A. Fate — Robert J. Floody — Everett S. Hammond — Will L. Holmes — Elwin L. House — Bertram P. Judd — Margaret A. Knapton — Richard E. Locke — Luther E. Lovejoy — Elmer E. Marshall — Jacob E. W. Mueller — George H. Murphy — Daniel Onstott — John W. Reeder — Samuel Reid — Robert E. Smith — Julius P. West — Alexander B. Williams — Rufus J. Wyckoff

1895

David G. Abbott — Thomas P. Baker — Leon E. Bell — Charles E. Bowen — Edward Bowers — Charles E. Chandler — Robert H. Crawford — Harry Critchlow — Herbert D. Deetz — Charles T. Erickson — Thomas P. Fisher — George H. Geyer — John B. Gough — Jerome Greer — Edwin H. Hadlock — Freeman A. Havighorst — Everett M. Hill — Richard D. Hollington — John E. Johnson — Joseph Manuel — Henry C. Millington — Jesse F. Newman — William A. Prosser — William R. Riddington — James C. Roberts — Isaac B. Schreckengast — Alfred C. Skinner — Thomas W. Sprowls — Sarah A. Stickney — Charles A. Tighe — Wesley Wiggin — Joseph Williams — Thomas A. Wilson — Herbert A. Youtz

1896

Charles B. Allen — Edward E. Ayers — Albert Beal — Edward O. Bullock — Hiram C. Burger — Henry N. Cameron — William L. Clapp — Robert L. Clark — Edwin S. Collier — James E. Cope — Frank E. Dodds — Fay Donaldson — Ambrie Field — Samuel E. Grant — George R. Grose — Jonas W. Haggman — Francis B. Harvey — Joseph E. Houlgate — Frend I. Johnson — Jay Kirkendall — Albert C. Knudson — Wilbur N. Mason — Battelle McCarty — John S. Meracle — John P. Morley — George H. Myers — Edwin L. Noble — John L. Reeder — Christian F. Reisner — Benjamin Rist — Enrico Rivoire — Howard H. Scott — Edwin K. Smith — Samuel L. Stewart — Francis L. Strickland, Jr. — William F. Taylor — George S. Womer — Sherman P. Young

1897

Arthur Bonner — Abraham L. Brokaw — Lucius C. Clark — Peter J. Cook — Homer G. Curless — Sara A. Dixon — John L. Duckwall — Charles C. Garland — Thomas S. Holt — Henry E. Loehlin — Lewis M. Lounsbury — Irving R. Lovejoy — Francis J. McConnell — Walter Morritt — Leopold A. Nies — John W. Powell, Jr. — William Reeves — Frederick H. Sawyer — George B. Shanor — Charles F. Smith — Joseph Stephan — Lester W. Ward — Charles H. Williams — John Wriston

1898

Sheridan W. Bell — Nathaniel D. Bigelow — Edgar Blake — William S. Bovard — William G. Bradford — Arthur T. Camburn — Charles M. Charlton — Benjamin A. Cherry — George B. Dean — William T. Dumm — Will S. Dunn — Joseph F. Durao — Spencer A. Farnsworth — Xenophon M. Fowler — George M. Fowles — David Fraser — Delo C. Grover — Davis P. Holt — William Jacques — Geroge E. Kinney — Samuel J. MacWaters — Tudor C. Radoslavoff — Benjamin T. Russell — George H. Studley — John E. Thomas — William C. Wasser — Arthur J. Watson — Walter C. Woodyard

1899

Foster C. Anderson — Arthur D. Batchelor — Lauress J. Birney — William M. Brackney — Lucius M. Bristol — Charles W. Burns — Phidellia P. Carrol — John F. Chenoweth — Frank W. Collier — George W. Coultas — Frank B. Crawford — Charles C. Elson — Walter R. Fruit — Fred K. Gamble — Albert S. Gilbert — DeMot Goodyear — Samuel A. Keen — David G. Latshaw — William W. Lucas — Charles W. McCaskill — Jesse L. McLaughlin — John W. H. Millar — Harry E. Milnes — Amadeo C. Nobili — Frank J. Noyes — Eli M. Paddleford — Harcourt W. Peck — George A. Pegram — Edgar P. Reed — Charles L. Roberts — Curtin G. Roop — James R. Ross — Rudolph H. Schuett — Dallas L. Sharp — Charles H. Taylor — Oliver L. Utter

1900

Eugene M. Antrim — Benjamin Babcock — Frank K. Baker — John C. Bickel — Richard M. Fowles — William C. Geyer — Anton Hatlestad — David M. Houghtelin — Thomas J. Judge — Charles B. Lamb — David L. Martin — Robert C. T. McKenzie — Horace McKinney — William H. Perdew — Joseph A. Puffer — Andrew J. Purdy — Hiram T. Robinson — George G. Scrivener — Willard I. Shattuck — Joseph M. Shepler — John J. Smyer — Samuel A. Stephan — Edward W. Strecker — Albert A. Trever — Wilson E. Vandermark — Oscar B. Wells — Lucy B. Whittier — Milton C. Wisely

1901

Doctor of Sacred Theology

Doremus Almey Hayes

Bachelor of Sacred Theology

Walter Agnew — Frank Orman Beck — Edward Lawrence Benedict — Archibald Knode Byrns — Jason Franklin Chase — Wilkie Clyde Clock — Silas Arthur Cook — Howard Berkley Cooper — Charles Barton Cramer — Walter Samuel Eaton ‚ Charles Lee Fillebrown — Charles Oscar Ford — Philip Lewis Frick — William Wesley Guth — Walter Healey — Wilfred Cecil Keeler — Frank William Martin — George Anthus Marvel — Francis Asbury McCarty — Russell Benjamin Miller — George Lafayette Minear — Ezekiel Arrowsmith Moore — Arthur Peabody Pratt — Samuel Quickmire — Vincent Ravi — John Lawrence Seaton — Charles Enos Vermilya — Hall Kellogg Wallis — Ernest Clyde Wareing — Herbert Clarence Whitney

Diplomas Certifying Completion of Course

Samuel Albert Brown — Carl Gustaf Hagberg — James Duncan McNair — William Nesbit Roberts — George Gordon Ross — Edmond George Sugg

1902

Doctor of Sacred Theology

Horace Coffin Stanton

Bachelor of Sacred Theology

William Orville Allen — Charles Howard Atkins — William John Atkinson — Arthur Grant Boynton — Arthur Jacob Bushnell — Edwin Grant Copeland — Jesse Samuel Dancey — George Lowry Davis — Hermon Downey — Isaac Franklin Edwards — Richard Evans — Elmer Exelby — Ambrie Field — Ross Lee Finney — Ralph Tyler Flewelling — George Edgar Folk — James Melvin Fuqua — Charles Gustavis Girelius — Lewis Oliver Hartman — Jacob Phineas Hauser — Charles Cotesworth Pickney Hiller — Henry Hindle — Descom d’Forest Hoagland — Ezra Hodge — Charles Edgar Hodges — Bert Luther Jennings — Edward William Lutterman — George Atwood Martin ‚ Albert Abram Mason — Fredric Warner McConnell — Guy Winters McCreery — Edward Laird Mills — Frank Newton Miner — Charles Mott — Charles Thomas Murdock — Dwight Irvin Roush — Frank Sandifur — George Allman Shahan — Arthur Eugene Spencer — Francis Marion Swinehart — Oakley Earl Vanslyke — Timothy Ralph Watson ‚ Edmund Melville Wylie

Diplomas Certifying Completion of Course

William John Downing — Samuel Halfyard — Charles Henry Johnson — Charles Folsom Skillings — Allen Arthur Stockdale — Charles Monroe Tibbetts

1903

Bachelor of Sacred Theology

James Irving Asher — Amos Martin Bruce — Alfred John Case — Wilbur George Chaffee — Burton Allen Cramton — Joyce Peter Cummins — Ernest Grigg — William Armstead Haggerty — Thomas George Hicks — Carl Kellogg Hudson — Charles Henry Johnson — Edgar Jones — Samuel Worley Kemerer — John Edward Lacount — Louis Magin — Francis Marion McCoy — Ernest Lyman Mills — Wilbur Mathews Nelson — Webster Hezekiah Powell — Arthur Price — Claude Hammond Priddy — William Allen Robinson — Frank Warren Roher — James Purman Shook — Alexander Wayman Thomas — Alfred Marshall Walker — James Alexander West

Diplomas Certifying Completion of Course

Charles William Lewis — Robert Levi Robert — Walter Grant Smith — William Richardson Vaughan

1904

Bachelor of Sacred Theology

Clarence Ivan Andrews — George Franklin Barber — Bert De Witt Beck — James Bird — William Luke Boicourt — William Malcolm Buzza — George Croft Cell — Jesse Lee Vorley ‚ Hasse Octavius Enwall — Albert Amandus Felch — Le Roy Fulmer — Thomas Jefferson Gregg — Edwin Oglesby Grimes — Samuel Halfyard — Fred William Harris — Charles Martin Hartshorn — George Albert Henry — John George Hockin — Harry John Holcombe — Hiram William Hook — Edwin Lowman Houseley — Judson Jeffreys — Borden Bowne Kessler — Harry Andrews King — Francis Arthur Lamb — Robert Lindsay McArthur — Frank Edwards McGuire — William Samuel Mitchell ‚ Hames Harrison Olmstead — David Reese — Philmer Alexander Sample — Charles Clark Smith — Charles Ellis Taylor — Howard Lee Torbet — Albert Kirkby Travis — John Mann Walker — Frederic Averill Whittlesey — Howard Sargent Wilkinson — Jesse Jeremiah Wyeth

Diplomas Certifying Completion of Course

Charles Bruce Fisher — Edmund Mark Lewis — Cloves Preston Salladay — John Lewis Wheeler

1905

Bachelor of Sacred Theology

James Howard Anderson — William George Babcock — James Chamberlain Baker ‚ John Ellsworth Beard — Benjamin James Black — Charles King Bull — Raymond Albert Carhart — John Will Caughlan — James Robert Roy Cooper — Charles Bishop Croxall — James Elvin — James Bruce Eyestone — Otis Harrison Green — Charles Harrison Hauger — Frederick William Hill — John Godfrey Hill — William Clague Hodgson — Robert Charlton Johnson — Samuel Chatterton Johnson — Willard Isaiah Kern — James Franklin Knotts — Ernest Arthur Legg — William Charles Lewis — Dwitt Chalres Littlejohn — Leonidas Latimer Loofbourow — James Duncan MacNair — Richard Pengilly — Willis Edgar Plaxton — Charles Bertram Pyle — Bert Augustus Berkeley Silverthrone — Alonzo Martin Smith — Charloes Edgar Stinson — Will Burton Warriner

Diplomas Certifying Completion of Course

Ernest Ward Burch — Charles Pray Holbrook — David Herbert Jemison — Frank Poage — Roscoe Daniel Tarbox

1906

Bachelor of Sacred Theology

Ross Wesley Adair — Charles Frederick Anderson — Frank Leslie Brown — John Clark Burke — John Lorenzo Cairns — Walter Dosh Carhart — John Edward Charlton — Sanford William Corcoran — James Ashton Davies — Fred Sutton Fancher — Frank Porter Flegal — Christian Rudolph Haighurst — Franklin Filmore Lewis — David Hurom Manley — Charles Jay Moore — Bertha Cresap Morrison — Gilbert Elmer Mossman — Henry Warren Munster — Thorkel Arthur Olsen — Daniel Melroy Paul — Robert Clarence Peters — William Robert Polhamus — Norman Egbert Richardson — Arthur Henry Smith — Albert Bell Tyler — Charles Linnville Wallace — Ralph Ansel Ward — Homer Ethan Wark — Mark White — Herbert Renaldo Whiting — Manfred Clinton Wright

Diplomas Certifying Completion of Course

Overt Lambert Brownsey — Harry Gerald Gregg — Chester Ezekiel Jenney — Harriet Everard Johnson — Levi Johnson Leard — Henry Clark Leavenworth — Johannes Walkama

1907

Bachelor of Sacred Theology

Lewis Grant Adams — Oscar James Aldrich — William Harvey Bath — Frederic William Bintz — Simon Leonard Boyers — William Edward Craig — Richard Sidney Crummy — Charles Addison Dawson — Lisgar Russell Eckardt — Robert James Elliott — Charles Trusdell Ensign — Arthur Frederick Ewert — James Perry Faulkner — Thomas Fornear — Carl Dustman Gage — Elihu Grant — Carl Gustav Hagberg — George Samuel Gadd Hares — Edward Hislop — Hebert Solon Hollopeter — Samuel Wesley Irwin— Albert Emmanuel Kirk — Arno Bruno Korb — James Clarence Lawburgh — Paul Little — Harry Beeson Mansell — Ovid Ellsworth Mark — George Henry McCrea — Newell Avery MacCune — Albert Ellsworth Monger — Homer Haven Moore — Fred Christian Nelson — Ole Nels Oleson — John Frederick Phillips — Homer Potter — Azariah Foster Reimer — Millard Lyman Robinson — Benjamin Walter Rust — Louis John Smith — John Paul Stafford — Walter Scott Trosh — Fred William Wahl — Stanley Ward — Louis Slinton Wright — Jesse James Yost

Diplomas Certifying Completion of Course

William Everett Anderson — William Evans Handey — Gustaf Leonard Lennarth — Charles Melville Merrill — Mark Embury Penny — Arthur Mortimer Shattuck — Charles William Simpson

1908

Bachelor of Sacred Theology

Albert WEsley Baker — Andrew Loy Bixler — Harry Martin Blout — Arthur Bonner — James Thomas Carlyon — William Gladstone Colgrove — James Ephraim Coons — Frederic Edwards — Immanuel Eissmann — Walter Lee Ewing — Walter Lyman French — Charles Wesley Hamand — Ernest George Nosworthy Holmes — John Wesley Jackson — Noboru Kawasaki — Herbert Allen Keck — Robert O’Brien Kimberlin — Claude Hurst King — John William King — Clyde Leslie Kuhn — William Jackson Lowstuter — Daniel Lash Marsh — Guy Moore McBride — Clarence Joseph Miller — Albert Clarence Saxman — Roy William Scouten — Justus Vernon Stone — Stanley Simpson Swartley — Frank Meredith Thompson — Frank Bancroft Ward — Benson Perley Wilkins — John Weslan Winkley — Frederic Fay Wolfe

Diplomas Certifying Completion of Course

Francis William Brett — Arthur Randoph Connell — Christian Budtz — Oscar Samuel Smith — Orrin Eugene Tourtelotte — Edward Taylor Waring

1909

Bachelor of Sacred Theology

Charles Richard Bair — James Albert Beebe — William Edward Bell — Fred Bernhard Benson — Charles Kneale Corkhill — Gilbert Stevens Cox — Benjamin Franklin Crawford — Albert Jefferson Croft — Arthur Marion Davidson — John Wesley Dundas — Edward Alvah Durham — Guy Judson Fansher — Leander Theodore Freeland — George Stephen Getchev — Will Marshall Gilbert — Alva Roy Haislup — Lyman Laneing Hale — Curtis Brookens Harrold — Frederick Milton Harvey — George Edwin Heath — George Homer Heizer — John Peter Hess — Alfred Franklin Hughs — Ward Wesley Hull — Edwin Kay Johnson — Harriet Everard Johnson — James Caleb Justice — Myfold Kai Kayama — Roy Newton Keiser — Harry Wright McPherson — Ambrose Gilbert McVay — Stachys Mimarides — William Jewart Miller — Frank Paul Morgan — Otho Birten Morris — Epke Herman Muelder — Willard Otho Nuzum — Chris Jacob Oleson — Samuel Louis Parish — Seneca Alfred Rear — Frederic Combs Reynolds — Robert Levi Roberts — Orlando Lora Sample — Harry Carl Slater — William Emmet Speaker — Arthur Dexter Stroud — Roscoe Daniel Tarbox — Oliver Rule Tarwater — Francis Dee Taylor — Victor Hugo Wachs — Johannes Walkama — William Henry Wesen — Gay Charles White — George Henry Zeutz

Diploma Certifying Completion of Course

Willard Augustus Kilmer — William Herbert Moseley, Jr. — Joseph Stopford — Edwin Brackett Young

1910

Bachelor of Sacred Theology

Samuel Henry Armand — George Elmer Barber ‚ Godfrey Waldo Barney — William Henry Beers — Royal Daniel Bisbee — Edgar Sheffield Brightman — Kate Morrison Cooper — Henry Carl Critchlow — William Henry Cundy — Arthur Ellis Darling — James Howard Denney — Charles Mortimer Donaldson — Arthur Delano Enyart — Harry Webb Farrington — Thomas Jefferson Gambill — Edwin Hoopes Gibson — Claude Earl Goodwin — Harry Gearld Gregg — Corliss Percy Hargraves — Herbert Negle Howard — Melvin Chauncey Hunt — James Knox Jones — Olin Clarke Jones — Oliver Horace Langdon — John Francis Lee — Otto Tevis Martin — Charles Melvin McConnell — Stephen Alexander McNeill — Peter Isaac Osborne — Charles Stewart Otto — James Arthur Perry — Samuel Worthington Robinson — George William Roesch — Edwin Ross Romig — Harry David Rudolph — Charles Schuettler — Roscoe Burton Sheppard — Oscar Stewart — Louis William Swanson — William Whitney Switzer — Joseph Tuma — Purdy Lapham Van Wicklen — Jacob Elbert Wells — Forest Haven Woodside — Alwin Emmanuel Worman

Diplomas Certifying Completion of Course

David Harold Hickey — Thomas William Owens — Carl Henry Raupach — Benjamin George Seaboyer — Daniel Stewart Smith — William Henry Sterne — William Bazemore VanValkenburgh

1911

Doctor of Sacred Theology

Francis John McConnell

Bachelor of Sacred Theology

Richard Parker Andrews — Jesse Philip Armand — Irwin Ross Beiler — Earl Rankin Bull — William Dee Carter — John Rufus Chafee — Frederick Joseph Clark — Robert Linus Clark — John Leonard Cole — Herbert Thomas Coontz — William Warren Davis — John Henry Debolt — Wesley Hames Dudgeon — Charles Crawford Gorst — John Franklin Haas — William Southall Handy — Earl David Wesley Hanna — Howard Hurlburt Hare — John Walter Harris — Charles Bentley Hess — Thomas Ross Hicks — Edward Everett Holmes — Otto Harry Houser — George Marion Hughes — Hugh Stoner Jackson — Samuel Maynard Le Page — Reemt Eike Lübbers — Roy McCuskey — Edward Franklin Miller — Henry Earl Moore — Jay Adams Oakes — Leonard Oechsli — Mark Embury Penney — Earl Riley — Arthur Edward Schultz — Paul Edward Secrest — Josiah Homer Slutz — Paul Smith — William Evan Thomas — Henry John Wharton — Herbert Swan Wilkinson — Raymond Alphenos Withey

Diplomas Certifying Completion of Course

Armonag Eliazar Chuchian — William Magwood — Walter Ferdinand Whitney